Explore Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall with observational datasets, diagnostics, and climate model simulations.The analysis highlights spatial patterns, temporal trends, rainfall variability, and extreme precipitation during the June–September monsoon season. It also brings together physics-based diagnostics to understand the processes driving monsoon changes, along with CMIP6 climate model simulations to examine the influence of forcing agents such as greenhouse gases and aerosols. Additionally, precipitation-related factors relevant to the energy sector, including cloudiness and solar irradiance, are also looked into.
Rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon varies strongly across the country. Strong moisture transfer from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, results in extremely high rainfall in the Western Ghats and the northeastern Himalayas. On the contrary, portions of southeast and northwest India stay rather dry. Regional statistics of Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall, including average rainfall, extremes events, and long-term seasonal changes, provides us insights into spatial variability and evolution in the monsoon system
Climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are computer simulations that represent interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, and land to reproduce past and future climate conditions. These coupled climate models can be used to examine trends in precipitation under different climate forcing factors such as greenhouse gases and aerosols that influence climate change. Comparing model simulations with observed rainfall trends also help us assess how well different models reproduce monsoon variability and identify which models are more reliable for specific aspects of rainfall analysis. Learn more button here; which will take us to the section that we have created for CMIP6 section which has historical, future projections and model comparison
The illustrations help in understanding the relationship between the vertical motion of air and moisture to explain rainfall. When air moves upward, it cools and condenses, leading to precipitation, depending on how moisture changes with height. The upward motion is influenced by large-scale atmospheric conditions such as temperature changes and circulation patterns. This helps explain how moisture from the surrounding oceans is lifted over the Indian subcontinent, leading to rainfall.
Precipitation-related analysis provides insight into renewable energy variability across India. Variations in cloudiness and incoming solar radiation influence fluctuations in energy availability and help identify spatial and temporal patterns in renewable energy.